Integrating Molecular Breeding, Plant Biotechnology, and Genetic Resource Management to Support Food Security under Climate Change: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
molecular breeding, plant biotechnology, genetic resource management, climate resilience, food securityAbstract
An Introduction Food insecurity in the world is no longer a matter of inadequate and unavailability to food but has taken complexity as a result of global climate change, and calls for transforming the manner that agricultural production would be done. In this systematic literature review, ten recent scientific papers are reviewed to assess the place of combining molecular breeding technology along with plant biotechnology and management of genetic resources to support food security in the context of climate changes. We apply the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method by conducting literature search in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore databases between 2015 to 2025. The outcomes of this analysis show a high level of convergence between the three pillars of biomolecular technology, as visualized in VOSviewer that reflects a close linkage among molecular breeding, climate change/food security and genetics resources. The major approach is focusing on DNA marker systems, genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9), and genomic selection facilities that have led to quicken the pace in developing genotype with tolerance for more than one stress. Germplasm conservation, and the use of crop wild relatives are an important component of genetic resource management for adaptation. But, the implementation is still facing challenges due to regulatory hurdles, technology access divide and public acceptance. Alignment between food security, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction policy in food systems and the adoption of biomolecular tool is essential for sustainable agricultural system.
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