Development Strategy for Bulu Tanah Pine Forest Ecotourism as a Sustainable Nature Destination in Bone Regency

Abstract

Bulu Tanah Pine Forest in Bone Regency has grown rapidly as a nature destination since its official opening in 2020, yet the existing studies are fragmented and have not been assessed against sustainability principles. This study aims to (1) synthesise the findings of five journal articles and secondary data on the site, (2) reconcile inconsistencies among sources, and (3) formulate a sustainable ecotourism development strategy. A literature review with a documented search, evidence-level appraisal, thematic analysis, source-coded SWOT analysis, a TOWS matrix, and rubric-based prioritisation was applied. The site's main strengths are its pine-forest scenery, paved access, basic facilities that largely meet national guidelines (8 of 11 aspects under Ministerial Regulation P.13/2020), and community-based institutions. Visits rose from 24,096 (2023) to 28,918 (2025), but growth slowed to 1.4% in 2024–2025 and the operator's financial margin is thin. Key weaknesses include infrastructure (internal roads, drainage, electricity, telecommunications), financial governance and revenue sharing, and the absence of environmental monitoring and interpretation programmes. Reported site areas differ (6, 10.4, and 25 hectares), as do descriptions of land function. Five strategic directions are proposed: transparent legality and governance; conservation and visitor management; environmentally sound and safe infrastructure; diversified, community-based attractions and interpretation; and marketing and partnerships. The highest priorities are financial governance, participatory patrols, and legal–spatial clarification. The results are conceptual and require field validation.